Emerging in the mid-20th century, Brutalism gained popularity in the 1960s and 1970s. The word "brutalism" comes from the French words "bréton brut" meaning "raw concrete." Known for a utilitarian feel, Brutalist buildings have a graphic quality and are often institutional buildings. Post-WWII nations worldwide were looking to rebuild, and concrete was affordable. Brutalism lacks a clear set of principles and takes a different form in different regions. In Eastern Europe, the style was associated with socialism and authoritarian power. Still, in warmed post-colonial climates like Brazil, India, and Kenya, Brutalism seemed to assert new freedom with a simultaneous sense of strength and handmade design.

Miodrag Zivkovic's monument to the Battle of Sutjeska

Brutalism fell out of favor in the 1980s due to its cold and austere nature, often associated with totalitarianism. Furthermore, raw concrete does not age well, so many brutalism structures became symbols of urban decay and economic hardships. However, Brutalism is now making a surprising comeback, heralded by an unexpected source: Instagram. Brutalist architecture lends itself perfectly to the social media aesthetic favoring bold, striking visuals. While large-scale brutalism buildings may stay a thing of the past, the aesthetic has embedded itself into our present in a multitude of ways.

Geisel Library, San Diego. Photo by Erik Jepsen